Java 學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)

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1. 項(xiàng)目概述

這是一個(gè)學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)，學(xué)生信息主要包括：學(xué)號，姓名，性別，出生日期，班級；暫時(shí)就只有這些信息，若后續(xù)需要，可以相應(yīng)的進(jìn)行添加。

該項(xiàng)目主要采用的技術(shù)是 Java GUI 設(shè)計(jì)，這個(gè)地方主要用 Java 工具 windowsbuilder 進(jìn)行布局，（windowsbuilder沒有安裝或者不會安裝的，可以看看我的這篇博客 Eclipse 安裝 windowbuilder插件 ），MySql 數(shù)據(jù)庫（Mysql 數(shù)據(jù)庫沒有安裝的 或者數(shù)據(jù)庫使用軟件 Navicat 沒有安裝的可以看看我的這篇博客 2021 MySql 8.0.26 安裝教程（最詳細(xì)的傻瓜教程） ），以及使用 Java 中的 JDBC 將數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接起來。

2. 數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立

由于在項(xiàng)目中沒有創(chuàng)建學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)庫的功能，所以學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)庫必須要先建立好，下面給出如何建立好MySQL學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)庫的相關(guān)代碼 圖片

-- 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫CREATE DATABASE niitDEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4;SHOW DATABASES;-- 使用數(shù)據(jù)庫niitUSE niit;-- 創(chuàng)建表StudentCREATE TABLE Student( ID INT PRIMARY KEY, NAME VARCHAR(4), GENDER CHAR(1), DOB DATE, BATCH INT);-- 插入記錄INSERT INTO Student VALUES(1,'獨(dú)孤求敗','男','1988-1-2',1),(2,'周芷若','女','1988-12-3',1),(3,'金毛獅王','男','1978-11-1',1),(4,'蒙摯','男','1989-2-5',2),(5,'夏春','女','1998-4-3',2),(6,'梅長蘇','男','1999-12-6',2);-- 查看表中所有記錄 語法：select * from 表名SELECT * FROM Student;

3. 項(xiàng)目頁面

主頁面

添加學(xué)生

修改信息

刪除學(xué)生

查詢信息

4. 項(xiàng)目代碼 分析

主頁面

package studentsmanager;import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.EventQueue;import java.awt.Font;import javax.swing.JButton;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JPanel;import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;public class MainFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel contentPane; /** * Launch the application. */ // 有了main函數(shù)才可以單獨(dú)運(yùn)行 public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { MainFrame frame = new MainFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } /** * Create the frame. */ public MainFrame() { // 設(shè)置大小不可改變 setResizable(false); // 設(shè)置標(biāo)題 setTitle("學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)"); // 由于這是主頁面，所有當(dāng)主頁面關(guān)閉的時(shí)候，程序就直接退出 setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); // setBounds(int x,int y,int width,int height); // x 和 y 是窗口打開時(shí)的位置 // width 和 height 是窗口打?qū)挾群透叨? setBounds(100, 100, 450, 350); // setLocationRelativeTo(c) // 設(shè)置窗口相對于 c 的位置，當(dāng) c 為空或者 null 時(shí)，默認(rèn)為是相對于屏幕中央 setLocationRelativeTo(null); // 實(shí)例化一個(gè) pane contentPane = new JPanel(); contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5)); setContentPane(contentPane); contentPane.setLayout(null); JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)"); lblNewLabel.setForeground(Color.RED); lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 25)); lblNewLabel.setBounds(140, 10, 163, 44); contentPane.add(lblNewLabel); JButton addButton = new JButton("添加學(xué)生"); // addActionListener 注冊監(jiān)聽器 addButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // 設(shè)置新窗口可見 new AddFrame().setVisible(true); } }); addButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); addButton.setBounds(167, 64, 114, 37); contentPane.add(addButton); JButton changeButton = new JButton("修改信息"); changeButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // 同上 new ChangeFrame().setVisible(true); } }); changeButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); changeButton.setBounds(167, 121, 114, 37); contentPane.add(changeButton); JButton deleteButton = new JButton("刪除學(xué)生"); deleteButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // 同上 new DeleteFrame().setVisible(true); } }); deleteButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); deleteButton.setBounds(167, 180, 114, 37); contentPane.add(deleteButton); JButton queryButton = new JButton("查詢信息"); queryButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // 同上 new QueryFrame().setVisible(true); } }); queryButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); queryButton.setBounds(167, 240, 114, 37); contentPane.add(queryButton); }}

添加學(xué)生

package studentsmanager;import java.awt.EventQueue;import java.awt.Font;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.sql.SQLException;import javax.swing.BoxLayout;import javax.swing.JButton;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JOptionPane;import javax.swing.JPanel;import javax.swing.JTextField;import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;public class AddFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel contentPane; private JTextField idField; private JTextField nameField; private JTextField genderField; private JTextField dobField; private JTextField batchField; /** * Launch the application. */ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { AddFrame frame = new AddFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } /** * Create the frame. */ public AddFrame() { // 和前面類似 setResizable(false); setTitle("添加學(xué)生"); // 這個(gè)地方，添加學(xué)生只是這個(gè)程序的一部分，所以當(dāng)關(guān)閉這部分的時(shí)候，程序不直接退出，只是關(guān)閉該部分程序 setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE); setBounds(100, 100, 450, 470); setLocationRelativeTo(null); contentPane = new JPanel(); contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5)); setContentPane(contentPane); contentPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(contentPane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); JPanel panel = new JPanel(); contentPane.add(panel); panel.setLayout(null); JLabel TitleLabel = new JLabel("請輸入新學(xué)生的信息："); TitleLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 20)); TitleLabel.setBounds(71, 34, 208, 45); panel.add(TitleLabel); JLabel idLabel = new JLabel("學(xué)號："); idLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); idLabel.setBounds(71, 105, 50, 30); panel.add(idLabel); idField = new JTextField(); idField.setBounds(143, 99, 240, 45); panel.add(idField); idField.setColumns(10); JLabel nameLabel = new JLabel("姓名："); nameLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); nameLabel.setBounds(71, 160, 50, 30); panel.add(nameLabel); nameField = new JTextField(); nameField.setColumns(10); nameField.setBounds(143, 154, 240, 45); panel.add(nameField); JLabel genderLabel = new JLabel("性別："); genderLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); genderLabel.setBounds(71, 215, 50, 30); panel.add(genderLabel); genderField = new JTextField(); genderField.setColumns(10); genderField.setBounds(143, 209, 240, 45); panel.add(genderField); JLabel dobLabel = new JLabel("出生日期："); dobLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); dobLabel.setBounds(41, 270, 80, 30); panel.add(dobLabel); dobField = new JTextField(); dobField.setColumns(10); dobField.setBounds(143, 264, 240, 45); panel.add(dobField); JLabel batchLabel = new JLabel("班級："); batchLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); batchLabel.setBounds(71, 325, 50, 30); panel.add(batchLabel); batchField = new JTextField(); batchField.setColumns(10); batchField.setBounds(143, 319, 240, 45); panel.add(batchField); JButton addButton = new JButton("添加"); // 添加鼠標(biāo)監(jiān)聽事件 addButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { // 先取出數(shù)據(jù) // getText() 返回字符串類型的 // Integer.parseInt 數(shù)據(jù)類型轉(zhuǎn)換 int id = Integer.parseInt(idField.getText()); String nameString = nameField.getText(); String genderString = genderField.getText(); String dobfieldString = dobField.getText(); int batch = Integer.parseInt(batchField.getText()); // 輸出一下學(xué)生的信息，方便修改 System.out.println(id "t" nameString "t" genderString "t" dobfieldString "t" batch); // SQLHelp 是自己寫的一個(gè)工具類 SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp(); try { // 調(diào)用添加學(xué)生信息的方法 sqlHelp.addStudent(id, nameString, genderString, dobfieldString, batch); // 彈出對話框，提示用戶添加成功 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(AddFrame.this, "添加成功！"); } catch (SQLException e1) { // 這里捕獲一下異常，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生的學(xué)號是唯一的，所以當(dāng)學(xué)號已經(jīng)存在的時(shí)候，提示用戶，該學(xué)生信息已存在 // 異常代碼為 23000 if(e1.getSQLState().equals("23000")) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(AddFrame.this, "添加失敗!該學(xué)生已存在"); } e1.printStackTrace(); } } }); addButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); addButton.setBounds(182, 389, 97, 33); panel.add(addButton); }}

添加成功：

添加失敗：

修改信息

package studentsmanager;import java.awt.EventQueue;import java.awt.Font;import javax.swing.BoxLayout;import javax.swing.JButton;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JOptionPane;import javax.swing.JPanel;import javax.swing.JTextField;import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;public class ChangeFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel contentPane; private JTextField idField; private JTextField nameField; private JTextField genderField; private JTextField dobField; private JTextField batchField; private JTextField searchField; /** * Launch the application. */ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { ChangeFrame frame = new ChangeFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } /** * Create the frame. */ public ChangeFrame() { setResizable(false); setTitle("修改信息"); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE); setBounds(100, 100, 450, 470); setLocationRelativeTo(null); contentPane = new JPanel(); contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5)); setContentPane(contentPane); contentPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(contentPane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); JPanel panel = new JPanel(); contentPane.add(panel); panel.setLayout(null); JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("請輸入要修改的學(xué)生的學(xué)號："); lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel.setBounds(71, 0, 208, 29); panel.add(lblNewLabel); JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("學(xué)號："); lblNewLabel_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(71, 105, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1); idField = new JTextField(); idField.setEditable(false); idField.setBounds(143, 99, 240, 45); panel.add(idField); idField.setColumns(10); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1 = new JLabel("姓名："); lblNewLabel_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1.setBounds(71, 160, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1); nameField = new JTextField(); nameField.setColumns(10); nameField.setBounds(143, 154, 240, 45); panel.add(nameField); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1 = new JLabel("性別："); lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setBounds(71, 215, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1); genderField = new JTextField(); genderField.setColumns(10); genderField.setBounds(143, 209, 240, 45); panel.add(genderField); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1 = new JLabel("出生日期："); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setBounds(41, 270, 80, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1); dobField = new JTextField(); dobField.setColumns(10); dobField.setBounds(143, 264, 240, 45); panel.add(dobField); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2 = new JLabel("班級："); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setBounds(71, 325, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2); batchField = new JTextField(); batchField.setColumns(10); batchField.setBounds(143, 319, 240, 45); panel.add(batchField); JButton changeButton = new JButton("修改"); changeButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText()); String nameString = nameField.getText(); String gendeString = genderField.getText(); String dobString = dobField.getText(); int batch = Integer.parseInt(batchField.getText()); SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp(); try { sqlHelp.changeStudent(id, nameString, gendeString, dobString, batch); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(ChangeFrame.this, "修改成功！"); } catch (SQLException e) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(ChangeFrame.this, "修改失敗！"); e.printStackTrace(); } } }); changeButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); changeButton.setBounds(182, 389, 97, 33); panel.add(changeButton); searchField = new JTextField(); searchField.setBounds(71, 39, 208, 45); panel.add(searchField); searchField.setColumns(10); JButton searchButton = new JButton("查找"); searchButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText()); try { SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp(); Student student = sqlHelp.queryStudent(id); if(student != null) { // id 是直接讀入的，所以就不需要從數(shù)據(jù)庫中讀出了 idField.setText(String.valueOf(id)); nameField.setText(student.getName()); genderField.setText(student.getGender()); dobField.setText(student.getDob()); batchField.setText(String.valueOf(student.getBatch())); } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(ChangeFrame.this, "無此用戶"); } } catch (SQLException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } }); searchButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); searchButton.setBounds(289, 42, 97, 39); panel.add(searchButton); }}

修改前查詢到學(xué)生信息

修改成功

修改失敗

失敗的情況是數(shù)據(jù)鏈接出現(xiàn)了問題

未查詢到學(xué)生信息

刪除學(xué)生

package studentsmanager;import java.awt.EventQueue;import java.awt.Font;import javax.swing.BoxLayout;import javax.swing.JButton;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JOptionPane;import javax.swing.JPanel;import javax.swing.JTextField;import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.sql.SQLException;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;public class DeleteFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel contentPane; private JTextField idField; private JTextField nameField; private JTextField genderField; private JTextField dobField; private JTextField batchField; private JTextField searchField; /** * Launch the application. */ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { DeleteFrame frame = new DeleteFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } /** * Create the frame. */ public DeleteFrame() { setResizable(false); setTitle("刪除學(xué)生"); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE); setBounds(100, 100, 450, 470); setLocationRelativeTo(null); contentPane = new JPanel(); contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5)); setContentPane(contentPane); contentPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(contentPane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); JPanel panel = new JPanel(); contentPane.add(panel); panel.setLayout(null); JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("請輸入要?jiǎng)h除的學(xué)生的學(xué)號："); lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel.setBounds(71, 0, 208, 29); panel.add(lblNewLabel); JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("學(xué)號："); lblNewLabel_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(71, 105, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1); idField = new JTextField(); idField.setEditable(false); idField.setBounds(143, 99, 240, 45); panel.add(idField); idField.setColumns(10); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1 = new JLabel("姓名："); lblNewLabel_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1.setBounds(71, 160, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1); nameField = new JTextField(); nameField.setColumns(10); nameField.setBounds(143, 154, 240, 45); panel.add(nameField); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1 = new JLabel("性別："); lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setBounds(71, 215, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1); genderField = new JTextField(); genderField.setColumns(10); genderField.setBounds(143, 209, 240, 45); panel.add(genderField); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1 = new JLabel("出生日期："); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setBounds(41, 270, 80, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1); dobField = new JTextField(); dobField.setColumns(10); dobField.setBounds(143, 264, 240, 45); panel.add(dobField); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2 = new JLabel("班級："); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setBounds(71, 325, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2); batchField = new JTextField(); batchField.setColumns(10); batchField.setBounds(143, 319, 240, 45); panel.add(batchField); JButton deleteButton = new JButton("刪除"); deleteButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText()); try { SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp(); sqlHelp.deletestudent(id); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(DeleteFrame.this, "刪除成功！"); } catch (SQLException e1) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(DeleteFrame.this, "刪除失敗"); e1.printStackTrace(); } } }); deleteButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); deleteButton.setBounds(182, 389, 97, 33); panel.add(deleteButton); searchField = new JTextField(); searchField.setBounds(71, 39, 208, 45); panel.add(searchField); searchField.setColumns(10); JButton searchButton = new JButton("查找"); searchButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText()); try { SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp(); Student student = sqlHelp.queryStudent(id); if(student != null) { idField.setText(String.valueOf(id)); nameField.setText(student.getName()); genderField.setText(student.getGender()); dobField.setText(student.getDob()); batchField.setText(String.valueOf(student.getBatch())); } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(DeleteFrame.this, "無此學(xué)生"); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); searchButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); searchButton.setBounds(289, 42, 97, 39); panel.add(searchButton); }}

刪除成功

刪除失敗

刪除失敗的時(shí)候是數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接出現(xiàn)了問題

查詢到學(xué)生信息

未查詢到學(xué)生

查詢信息

package studentsmanager;import java.awt.EventQueue;import java.awt.Font;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.sql.SQLException;import javax.swing.BoxLayout;import javax.swing.JButton;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JOptionPane;import javax.swing.JPanel;import javax.swing.JTextField;import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;public class QueryFrame extends JFrame { private JPanel contentPane; private JTextField idField; private JTextField nameField; private JTextField genderField; private JTextField dobField; private JTextField batchField; private JTextField searchField; /** * Launch the application. */ public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { QueryFrame frame = new QueryFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); } /** * Create the frame. */ public QueryFrame() { setResizable(false); setTitle("查詢信息"); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE); setBounds(100, 100, 450, 470); setLocationRelativeTo(null); contentPane = new JPanel(); contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5)); setContentPane(contentPane); contentPane.setLayout(new BoxLayout(contentPane, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); JPanel panel = new JPanel(); contentPane.add(panel); panel.setLayout(null); JLabel lblNewLabel = new JLabel("請輸入要查找的學(xué)生的學(xué)號："); lblNewLabel.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel.setBounds(71, 0, 208, 29); panel.add(lblNewLabel); JLabel lblNewLabel_1 = new JLabel("學(xué)號："); lblNewLabel_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1.setBounds(71, 105, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1); idField = new JTextField(); idField.setEditable(false); idField.setBounds(143, 99, 240, 45); panel.add(idField); idField.setColumns(10); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1 = new JLabel("姓名："); lblNewLabel_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1.setBounds(71, 160, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1); nameField = new JTextField(); nameField.setColumns(10); nameField.setBounds(143, 154, 240, 45); panel.add(nameField); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1 = new JLabel("性別："); lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1_1.setBounds(71, 215, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1); genderField = new JTextField(); genderField.setColumns(10); genderField.setBounds(143, 209, 240, 45); panel.add(genderField); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1 = new JLabel("出生日期："); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1.setBounds(41, 270, 80, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_1); dobField = new JTextField(); dobField.setColumns(10); dobField.setBounds(143, 264, 240, 45); panel.add(dobField); JLabel lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2 = new JLabel("班級："); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 16)); lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2.setBounds(71, 325, 50, 30); panel.add(lblNewLabel_1_1_1_2); batchField = new JTextField(); batchField.setColumns(10); batchField.setBounds(143, 319, 240, 45); panel.add(batchField); searchField = new JTextField(); searchField.setBounds(71, 39, 208, 45); panel.add(searchField); searchField.setColumns(10); JButton searchButton = new JButton("查找"); searchButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { // 1.讀出要查詢的學(xué)生輸入的id // 因?yàn)閷W(xué)生的學(xué)號是唯一的，所以我們根據(jù)學(xué)號查詢后，只會有一條數(shù)據(jù) // 轉(zhuǎn)化一下數(shù)據(jù)類型 int id = Integer.parseInt(searchField.getText()); // 2.執(zhí)行JDBC語句 try { SQLHelp sqlHelp = new SQLHelp(); Student student = sqlHelp.queryStudent(id); // 3.將查詢結(jié)果填到文本框中 // 前提是學(xué)生存在 if(student != null) { idField.setText(String.valueOf(id)); nameField.setText(student.getName()); genderField.setText(student.getGender()); dobField.setText(student.getDob()); batchField.setText(String.valueOf(student.getBatch())); } else { // 此時(shí)學(xué)生不存在，提示用戶，不存在該學(xué)生 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(QueryFrame.this, "無此學(xué)生"); } } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); searchButton.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.PLAIN, 18)); searchButton.setBounds(289, 42, 97, 39); panel.add(searchButton); }}

SQLHelp 工具類

package studentsmanager;import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.DriverManager;import java.sql.PreparedStatement;import java.sql.ResultSet;import java.sql.SQLException;public class SQLHelp { public static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"; public static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/niit?useSSL=false&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true&serverTimezone=UTC"; public static final String username = "root"; public static final String password = "011216"; private Connection connection = null; private PreparedStatement pStatement = null; private ResultSet rSet = null; // 加載驅(qū)動 // 靜態(tài)初始化塊（只執(zhí)行一次） static { try { Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } // 鏈接數(shù)據(jù)庫 public void connectDB() { try { connection = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,username,password); System.out.println("數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接成功"); } catch (SQLException e) { System.out.println("數(shù)據(jù)庫鏈接失敗"); e.printStackTrace(); } } // 關(guān)閉資源 public void close() { if(rSet != null) { try { rSet.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } if(pStatement != null) { try { pStatement.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } if(connection != null) { try { connection.close(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } public void addStudent(int id, String nameString, String genderString, String dobString, int batch) throws SQLException { // try finally 無論是否拋出異常都將執(zhí)行 finally 中的語句 try { // 先鏈接到數(shù)據(jù)庫 connectDB(); // sql 語句 // 靜態(tài) sql 語句需要進(jìn)行字符串拼接 // 動態(tài) sql 語句 String addsql = "insert into student values(?, ?, ?, ?, ?)"; pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(addsql); pStatement.setInt(1, id); pStatement.setString(2, nameString); pStatement.setString(3, genderString); pStatement.setString(4, dobString); pStatement.setInt(5, batch); pStatement.executeUpdate(); } finally { close(); } } public void changeStudent(int id, String nameString, String genderString, String dobString, int batch) throws SQLException { try { connectDB(); String changesql = "update student set name = ?, gender = ?, dob = ?, batch = ? where id = ?"; pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(changesql); pStatement.setString(1, nameString); pStatement.setString(2, genderString); pStatement.setString(3, dobString); pStatement.setInt(4, batch); pStatement.setInt(5, id); pStatement.executeUpdate(); } finally { close(); } } public void deletestudent(int id) throws SQLException { try { connectDB(); String deleteString = "select * from student where id = ?"; pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(deleteString); pStatement.setInt(1, id); pStatement.execute(); } finally { close(); } } public Student queryStudent(int id) throws SQLException { try { connectDB(); String querysql = "select * from student where id = ?"; pStatement = connection.prepareStatement(querysql); pStatement.setInt(1, id); // 三種方法執(zhí)行 // execute() 都可以使用，返回true或false // executeQuery() 專門用于查詢，返回結(jié)果集 // executeUpdate() 專門用于刪除、更新 rSet = pStatement.executeQuery(); if(rSet.next()) { String nameString = rSet.getString(2); String genderString = rSet.getString(3); String dobString = rSet.getString(4); int batchString = rSet.getInt(5); // 查詢到學(xué)生信息返回結(jié)果集 return new Student(nameString, genderString, dobString, batchString); } else { // 沒有查詢到學(xué)生信息，返回null return null; } } finally { close(); } }}

Student 工具類

package studentsmanager;public class Student { private String name; private String gender; private String dob; private int batch; public Student(String name, String gender, String dob, int batch) { this.name = name; this.gender = gender; this.dob = dob; this.batch = batch; } public String getName() { return name; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public String getDob() { return dob; } public int getBatch() { return batch; } }

5. 項(xiàng)目總結(jié)

這算一個(gè)比較完整的項(xiàng)目了，既有 GUI 又有 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫的已經(jīng) Java 的 JDBC ，雖然已經(jīng)有了 GUI 界面，但很明顯，沒有進(jìn)行任何美化，就只是簡單的一個(gè)界面，勉勉強(qiáng)強(qiáng)可以看的過去，使用 JDBC 鏈接數(shù)據(jù)庫的時(shí)候，沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)可以直接在程序創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫，只能從數(shù)據(jù)庫方創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫，這是一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，同時(shí)使用 JDBC 鏈接數(shù)據(jù)庫的時(shí)候，所使用的代碼依舊是 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫的代碼，（我 MySQL 學(xué)的不好，增刪改查啥的數(shù)據(jù)庫代碼都還記不清楚 哭了…）還有就是當(dāng)程序在進(jìn)行修改和刪除的時(shí)候，修改失敗和刪除失敗的時(shí)候，都是因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)鏈接失敗了才進(jìn)行彈窗，不知道怎么改成無法修改或者無法刪除的時(shí)候提示，（又哭了…）

歡迎個(gè)位大佬指出錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)也歡迎各位小白借鑒，有問題的話，評論或者私聊都是可以的，看了就會回復(fù)！

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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_52354698/article/details/121582956